Introduction:
The carbon family elements in the periodic table that belong to the Group 14 or the IV A family are carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) and Ununquadium (Uuq). The carbon family is unique in having one metal, three metals and two metalloids.
The electronic configuration in the valence shells of the carbon family elements is ns2, np2.
Sharing of electrons is seen in most of the elements of the carbon
family. As the size of the atom is increased, the tendency of the
elements to lose electrons decreases. Similarly, the tendency of losing
electrons decreases with the increase in the atomic number among the
elements of the carbon family. The oxidation states of the elements in
the carbon family are usually +4 and +2 for heavier elements because of
the inert pair effect.
Silicon: Crystalline metalloid that forms the foundation for the age of semiconductors. The common compound SiO2 is abundantly found in earth’s crust.
Germanium: Used in manufacturing of semi-conductor devices. Rarely present in earth’s crust.
Tin: When pure, the metal is silvery white and is very soft. Forms low-melting alloys called solders that connect electric circuits.
Lead: Readily combines with the oxygen in the air forming Pb2O, which results in the dulling of the surface on exposure to air.
The carbon family elements in the periodic table that belong to the Group 14 or the IV A family are carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) and Ununquadium (Uuq). The carbon family is unique in having one metal, three metals and two metalloids.
Properties of individual elements of the carbon family may be represented by the table below
Name of the Element | Represented by symbol | Atomic number | Atomic weight | Type | Electronic configuration of the elements |
Carbon | C | 6 | 12.011 | Non-metal | [He]2s22p2 |
Silicon | Si | 14 | 28.0855 | Metalloid | [Ne]3s23p2 |
Germanium | Ge | 32 | 72.61 | Metalloid | [Ar]3d104s24p2 |
Tin | Sn | 50 | 118.710 | Metal | [Kr]4d105s25p2 |
Lead | Pb | 82 | 207.2 | Metal | [Xe]4f145d106s26p2 |
Ununquadium | Uuq | 114 | 289 | Metal | [Rn]5f146d107s27p2 |
Individual elements in the carbon family:
Carbon: The first element known to humans and is the fourth most abundantly found element. Carbon exists both in elemental form and as allotropes, the most common being diamond and graphite.Silicon: Crystalline metalloid that forms the foundation for the age of semiconductors. The common compound SiO2 is abundantly found in earth’s crust.
Germanium: Used in manufacturing of semi-conductor devices. Rarely present in earth’s crust.
Tin: When pure, the metal is silvery white and is very soft. Forms low-melting alloys called solders that connect electric circuits.
Lead: Readily combines with the oxygen in the air forming Pb2O, which results in the dulling of the surface on exposure to air.